The enmy is scoundrels. Subj+verb(linking)+noun
They are scoundrels. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

Watch spelling.
Scoundrel is countable, use a/an/the.

The enemy is a scoundrel. Subj+verb(linking)+noun
They are scoundrels. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

Pursuit (n) 追求
That is my pursuit. Subj+verb(linking)+noun
His has a money pursuit.
Everyone has pursuit. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

We always say ‘the pursuit of something’.
Pursuit is a countable noun.
Please add an article before a singular countable noun.
For example, we should say‘a pursuit’.
The article refers to a or an or the.

Pursuit (n) 追求
That is my pursuit. Subj+verb(linking)+noun
He has the pursuit of money.
Everyone has a pursuit. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

Scoundrels (n) 无赖
He is a Scoundrels. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

Scoundrel is singular. Scoundrels are plural.
He is a Scoundrel. They are Scoundrels.

Scoundrel (n) 无赖
He is a Scoundrel. Subj+verb(linking)+noun

whom (pron) 谁

The Rule: Who functions as a subject,
whom functions as an object.

Use who when the word is performing the action:
Kim is an athlete [who] enjoys distance running.

In this case, Kim is the subject, thus when we use who/whom to refer to Kim, we choose who because Kim is performing the action.

Use whom when it is receiving the action:
Asher wrote a letter to a pen pal [whom] he had never met.

In this case, we’re trying to refer to the pen pal. The pen pal is receiving the action. Pen pal is the object, so we use whom

This is the girl whom I visit every weekend.

We’re trying to refer to the girl, which is the object.
This (subj) is (linking verb) the girl (obj).

Thus, we use whom to refer to her.

vile (adj) 卑鄙的
He is vile. Subj+verb(linking)+adj
They are very vile.
In the game, he was vile.

Good!

I ate lunch.
I played four-square.
I had eaten lunch before I played four-square.

‘four-square’ is an adj.
You can write Foursquare referring to the computer game.
When referring to a proper noun, the first letter should be capitalized.

I ate lunch.
I played Foursquare.
I had eaten lunch before I played Foursquare.

I read book.
I wrote homework.
I had written homework before I read book.

The same problem!
Please add an article before a singular countable noun.
The article refers to a or an or the.
You should say ‘I read a book’ here.

And we always say ‘I write my homework’.
You should make it clear that whose homework it is.

I read a book.
I wrote my homework.
I had written my homework before I read a book.

whom (pron) 谁

‘whom’ is used to connect the main clause with the attributive clause and serves as the object in an attributive clause.

He is the teacher whom I met yesterday.
This is the girl whom I visit every weekend.

vile (adj) 卑鄙的
He is vile. Subj+verb(linking)+adj
They are very vile.
In the game, he was vile.

Good!

I ate lunch.
I played four-square.
I had eaten lunch before I played four-square.

‘four-square’ is an adj.
You can write Foursquare referring to the computer game.
When referring to a proper noun, the first letter should be capitalized.

I read book.
I wrote homework.
I had written homework before I read book.

The same problem!
Please add an article before a singular countable noun.
The article refers to a or an or the.
You should say ‘I read a book’ here.

And we always say ‘I write my homework’.
You should make it clear that whose homework it is.

I read a book.
I wrote my homework.
I had written my homework before I read a book.

I ate a banana.
I drank water.
I had eaten a banana before I drank water.

Good！

I played video games.
I writed homework.
I had writed homework before I played video games.

Past tense form of the word ‘write’ is ‘wrote’.
Past participle form of ‘write’ is ‘written’.
Please review the past tense and past participle of irregular verbs.

And we always say that we write our homework.
You should make it clear that whose homework it is.

I played video games.
I wrote my homework.
I had written my homework before I played video games.

Great Teachers and School more hands on

School assignments made us write a lot, and read a lot. We were asked to participate and give our opinions in class. During the summer, we had to read a lot of books. We had to take books and assignments home, and study them.

Teachers taught us various interactive methods.

We learned by using vocabulary words often, and in different situations.

We practiced grammar rules over and over by using them over and over.

We wrote story after story, and revised them time and time again.

During the summer, it was normal to read one book every few days.

When I attended UCI, we had to go through gruesome writing classes in WR 39a, b, and c. We had to write an essay every two weeks, and our professors made us go through revision after revision. Most of us were Asian Americans who grew up in California. We worked hard, we wrote masterpieces, and this is why many Asian Americans’ english is more proper and authentic than other Americans.
当我在（UCI）就读时，我们必须在课程 写作39A/B/C 写很多的文章。而且是每两周要完成一篇修改好的文章，大学的教授都是非常的严苛的，让我们进行一次又一次的修改。我们大多数人都是在加州长大的人。我们很努力学习，不停的练习写作，尽量做到最好，这就是为什么许多亚裔美国人的英语比其他美国人更得体、更地道的原因。

They commanded me to sleep.

Good！

I commanded you. Subj.+verb+Obj.

The structure of your sentence is right but it is not complete. You should add the object complement. Think about the question: What did I command you to do?

I commanded you to clean the room. Subj.+verb+Obj.+object complement

ref – https://chineseruleof8.com/2024/08/19/how-does-adverbial-phrases-use-gerund-phrase/

What are Gerunds and how are they formed?

A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun. A gerund is created by adding the suffix “-ing” to the base form of a verb. Like all nouns, gerunds can be used as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions, or complements.

For example:

Swimming is permitted in the lake. (subject of “is”)
I hate running. (object of the verb “hate”)
I was accepted after learning some Italian. (object of the preposition “after”)
Her passion is dancing. (complement of the subject “her passion”)

Gerunds are versatile verbal nouns that can function in various ways within a sentence, mirroring the roles of regular nouns.

Here’s a breakdown of their common uses:

• Subject of a Sentence:

  [Swimming] is my favorite exercise.
  [Reading] helps improve vocabulary.

• Object of a Verb:

  I enjoy [hiking] on weekends.
  She loves [playing] the piano.

• Object of a Preposition:

  He is good (at [solving] puzzles).
  They are interested (in [learning] new languages).

• Complement of a Linking Verb:

  Her hobby is [painting].
  The best part of the trip was ([exploring] the city).

Remember, a gerund always ends in “-ing” and functions as a noun, representing an action or state. By understanding these different roles, you can effectively incorporate gerunds into your writing to create clear and concise sentences.

In what situations do we use Gerunds?

driving erratically

(The gerund driving is modified with an adverb, erratically.)

He(subj) loves (verb) driving (obj) erratically (adverb) [on the road] (adverbial).

Her(subj) favorite pastime (subj) is (lv) eating (gerund) chicken frantically.

eating = gerund
chicken = direct object of gerund “eating”
frantically = describes how the gerund ‘eating’ is performed.

A gerund complement

is a noun or noun phrase that follows a gerund and completes its meaning. Here are five examples:

Enjoy: She enjoys reading books in her free time.

object = reading books
gerund = reading
gerund complement = books

Consider: He is considering taking a gap year before college.

note: “is considering” is a present participle (main verb)
object = taking a gap year
gerund = taking
gerund complement = a gap year

Appreciate: I appreciate having the opportunity to work on this project.

object = having the opportunity
gerund = having
gerund complement = the opportunity

Practice: She spends hours practicing.

She – subject
spends – verb
hours – object
practicing – gerund as object complement

She spends hours practicing her piano skills every day.

She – subject
spends – verb
hours – object

practicing – gerund
her piano skills – gerund complement
practicing her piano skills – gerund phrase

every day – adverbial

Acting is merely the art [of keeping] a large group of people [from coughing]. (Sir Ralph Richardson, 1902-1983)
(Acting is a gerund as a subject. The gerunds keeping and coughing are objects of prepositions.

“a large group of people” – gerund complement of “keeping”

Devilment example sentences:

They’re up to some kind of devilment again.

I like to create havoc just for the devilment of it.

Putting poison in someone’s drink is pure devilment.

Kids aged five to ten is full of devilment.

Brandish example sentences:

She brandished her sword at the enemy.

Why are you brandishing it? <-- remember to put a question mark if its a question I brandished it in her face.

Instinctively example sentences:

It will run instinctively.

Cats will jump instinctively.

Dogs bark instinctively.

The lightening was loud, and we all jumped instinctively.

Simile

A simile compares two different things, using the words “like” or “as” to draw attention to the comparison.

ex:

“The very mystery of him excited her curiosity like a door that had neither lock nor key.” —Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind

“He swung a great scimitar, before which Spaniards went down like wheat to the reaper’s sickle.” —Raphael Sabatini, The Sea Hawk

Metaphor

A metaphor compares two different things, similar to a simile. The main difference between a simile and a metaphor is that metaphors do not use the words “like” or “as”.

Unlike similes, metaphors don’t acknowledge that they’re comparisons. A literal-minded reader might mistake them for reality, which makes them more figurative and poetic.

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable

ex:

“The sun was a toddler insistently refusing to go to bed: It was past eight thirty and still light.” —John Green, The Fault in Our Stars

“All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree.” —Albert Einstein, Out of My Later Years

Personification

Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman or abstract things. This could be :

• physical attributes (“the eye of the needle”)
• emotional attributes (“a single lonely shoe”)
• or human actions (“a leaf dancing in the wind”)

“Because I could not stop for Death –
He kindly stopped for me –

The Carriage held but just Ourselves –

And Immortality.”

—Emily Dickinson, “Because I could not stop for Death”

“Life moves pretty fast. If you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” —John Hughes, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off

Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a great exaggeration, often unrealistic, to add emphasis to a sentiment. If you’re especially busy, you might say,

“I have a million things to do”; if you’re bored, you might say,
“I have nothing to do.”

Neither are actually true, but the phrasing makes the statement more emphatic.

“There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County.” —Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird

“I heard all things in the heaven and in the Earth. I heard many things in Hell. How then, am I mad?” —Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart