ref – https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/interrogative_sentence.htm

Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Remainder

Here are some examples of yes/no questions:

Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb

Do + you + speak English?
You do speak English.

Can + you + give money?
You can give money.

Am + I + having a breakdown? [present continuous]
I am having a breakdown.

Did + they + win?
They did win. [1]

Did + we + lose?
We did lose. [1]

Have + they + lost?
They have lost. (现在完成时)

Have + we + won? (现在完成时）
We have won.

Must + you + cry + [all the time] ?
You must cry all the time.

Must + we + argue?
We must argue.

Would + you + like + [some]?
May + I + try + [some]?
Shall + we + leave?

As we all know (介词短语),
there(主语） are(动词） four seasons(宾语)
[in a year] 介词短语.

Different seasons(主语) have(动词) different features(宾语). [2a]

In spring (介词短语), (介词短语）
the weather(主语） starts(动词） [to get warm]. [4]

The wind(主语) blows(动词) gently(副词). [7 句尾]

It(主语) often(副词) rains(动词). [7句中]

Plants(主语) starts（动词） [to grow]不定时. [4]

Everything(主语） turns（连接动词） green（主语补语：形容词）. [3]

It(主语) is(帮助动词） exciting（主动词） （现在进行时）
to [take a trip] or [fly a kite] (不定时）
[in the open air] (介词短语)
[in spring] (介词短语)

It(主语) is(连接动词) very hot [3]
[in the summer]. (介词短语)

The sun(主语) shines（动词） brightly(副词).

Many people(主语)
like （动词）
to [go to the beach] and [swim in the sea]
[with their friends]. (介词短语)

It(主语) is(连接动词) nice (主语补语：形容词)
[to eat ice cream] (不定时短语)
[in the hot weather]. (介词短语)

In “People like [to go to the beach] and [swim in the sea].”, shouldn’t there be a “to” in front of “swim”?

You’re absolutely right to notice the lack of “to” before “swim.” However, in this specific sentence, it is grammatically correct without “to.”

Here’s why:

Parallel structure: The sentence uses parallel structure with the verbs “go” and “swim.” Both verbs are in the infinitive form (“to go” and “swim”), but the “to” is omitted before “swim” to maintain the parallelism and create a smoother flow.

Understood “to”: Even though “to” is not explicitly stated before “swim,” it’s understood to be there. The sentence could be written as “People like to go to the beach and to swim in the sea,” but omitting the second “to” is more concise and natural.

Common with infinitives: This is a common pattern with infinitives connected by “and” or “or.”

Examples:

“She wants to sing and dance.”
“He needs to study and work.”
“They decided to eat out or order in.”
Key takeaway:

While infinitives usually have “to” before them, it can be omitted when two or more infinitives are joined by “and” or “or” to create a parallel structure. This is grammatically correct and often preferred for conciseness and flow.

Vocabulary

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

plastic

encourage

protect

organization

climate

efficient

bulbs

energy

booklet

neighbor

neighborhood

recycle

recycling cneter

environment

victim

Fill in the blank – Jim and Strawberries

• Jim (subj)
  had no patience （谓语)
  and
  [often changed jobs] (谓语）.
• His parents(s) were(lv) worried (adj) [4]

  [,and] // fanboy

  they(subj) took Jim(ind obj) to Frank (obj) [3]

  [, a wise man in their village]. // appositive phrase to describe Frank.

• 1
  After listening to Jim’s ___________, // subordinate

  Frank(subj) asked Jim(indirect obj) [to take a walk] (infinitive phrase as object) [with him] (prep phrase).

  • plan(n) – Let’s listen to Jim’s plan.
  • secret(n) – Jim has a secret.
  • problem(n) – What is Jim’s problem?
  • reason(n) – I understand Jim’s reason.
• 3
  After doing this, [prep phrase] // planting the seeds, so Jim should be tired

  Jim got ______________

  , so

  they(s) went(v) back (adv). // went back inside

  • patient(adj) – Jim is a patient man.
  • tired(adj) – The tired man takes a nap.
  • honest(adj) – The honest boy returns the money.
  • glad(adj) – We feel glad.
• 8
  Jim was _________
  • unhappy – The unhappy lion cried
  • excited – The excited boy hugged his mom.
  • funny – That guy looks funny.
  • afraid – We are afraid [of monster]

  9
  After planting a seed, you have to [verb] [——].

  • worry about it – Let’s(s) worry(v) about(prep) the test(obj).
  • get ready for it – The students(s) get(modal verb) ready(main verb) for(prep) it(obj).
  • look after it – We’ll(subj) look(verb) after(prep) the children(obj).
  • count on it –

    We(subj)
    can(modal verb) count(main verb)
    on(prep)
    Ted(obj)
    [to steal the exam] (infinitve phrase).

• 10
  He became a _____________ man.
  • polite(adj) – The well-behaved kids are so polite.
  • confident(adj) – Success creates a confident man.
  • successful(adj) – A confident man is successful.
  • friendly(adj) – My kids are friendly.

Tang shixu

Tang Shixu(s) is(lv) [ten years old](subj comp: noun).

He(s) lives(v) in(prep) a small village(obj) [in Guizhou, China] (prep phrase).

His parents(s) need(v) [to work in big cities] (infinitive phrase).

They(s) have(v) [to leave Shixu](infinitive phrase) [at home](prep phrase).

He(s)
spends(v)
[his free time](direct obj)
[watching short videos] //gerund phrase
[on his phone] // prep phrase
[at home] // prep phrase.

After breakfast, // prep phrase at head
Shixu(s) leaves(v) his home(obj) [for a special centre called 26 Cozy Harbor] (prep phrase).

He can [enjoy chess], [play with toys], and [take part in different kinds of sports activities].

He can [谓语]， [谓语]， and [谓语]。

To help (infinitive as subj)
take (v)
care of their children (object) // care (n)
[after school and during the holidays] (prep phrase),
it(s) built(v) this center(obj) [1].

Third Part – 25 pts

[Yichen and his father] (subj) [have climbed] (现在完成时) Nanshan mountain twice.

In July this year, [过去式]
they reached
the top of the mountain.

to describe

• I want to describe myself.
• The survivor(s) refuses(v) [to describe his experience] (不定时短语).
• It is hard + [to describe]. [3] + 不定时 //很难解释
• It is hard + [to describe my feelings]. [3] + 不定时短语 //很难解释我的感受

Yichen felt excited. “It’s hard to describe my feelings in words,” he wrote in his diary.

prepare(v) for

• The plane prepares [for] landing.
• The gynamst prepares [for] the performance.
• The soldiers prepare [for] war.

To prepare for this trip, Yichen did a lot of training.

Swimming (懂名词）

• He loves [swimming]. 名词在宾语
• [Swimming] is my hobby. 名词在主语
• I am terrible [at] swimming. 名词作为介词宾语

He(s) practiced(v) [swimming(懂名词） every week] 懂名词短语.

Climbing teaches them survival skills.

//在动词前面可以放副词。。呢true –> 副词 = truly
He(subj) truly? surprised(verb) me(obj).

Now Yichen has a new plan to reach the top.

will be – simple future

• It(subj) [will be](v) fantastic(adj).
• I(subj) [will be](v) successful.
• They(subj) [will be](v) tired.

It [will be] rocky(adj), but we believe he won’t give up.

email Essay

1) understand sad moon
2) suggest sad moon to join activities, honest.

* Junior high(subj) [has been](现在完成时) a challenge (obj) [for incoming students](prep phrase).

* [A new atmosphere, unfamiliar students, and a heavy workload] (subj)
[will make] (v)
you (obj)
stressed (object compl).

* However, there(s) are(v) ways(obj) [to resolve] (infinitive as adj) this.

* First, there(s) are(v) [many social clubs and activities] (you can join) (形容词 从句修去改时 宾语).

* [Participating in their programs and making friends in other social circles] subj (phrase and phrase)

解释：
Participating (懂名词） and 【making friends】 (懂名词 + 名词）

Participating [in their programs] = 懂名词短语
making friends in other social circles = 懂名词短语

短语 + 短语 = subj
[will give] – verb
you – indirect obj
[a sense of belonging] – obj

* You will feel [like you’re part of something bigger], and [thus, feel happier for it].

* Second, play more sports.

* You(s) can join(v) intramural sports clubs(obj).

* [The exercise and competitive play] = s
[will help] = verb
your body (object)
produce feel-good hormones (object complement)

* [Sweating and exertion]
[will also make] = verb
you = obj
eat healthier and drink more water (短语 and 短语 = 短语作为宾语补语).

* This(subj) undoubtedly(adv) leads(v) to(prep) a happier you(obj).

Finally, what you put out will be returned to you. So enjoy the little things, smile more, and look for the good in people. Your environment will return the same, and this cycle of positive interaction will create a more sociable and happier you.

You had a factory making Zenith TV Sets

To make these sets you needed another factory making valves, another making the wooden cabinet, another making the additional electronics and another making the wiring

That’s a manufacturing ecosystem

Works fine in the 1960s and 1970s and 1980s

Slowly labor prices start rising

You make a valve for 17 cents in 1976 because you paid your laborers $ 3.50 an hour

In 1986, you pay them $ 7.50 an hour

So you have to sell your valve for 27 cents to keep the same profit margin

This is true of the electronics, the wiring, the cabinet and everything else

So the TV for which you once paid $ 349 and got a 18% profit now costs $ 519 and you get only a 12% profit

By 1990, the same TV costs $ 599 and you get a 6% profit

So you think you need to close down the business because your profits are low and getting lower all the time

Plus Televisions are becoming expensive despite new features

You try plastic cabinets, you try adding multiple channels, offer stereo functions but the economics doesn’t work

Then someone tells you

Look- You can go to Taiwan and they can make these Valves for 4 cents a piece instead of 30 cents and electronics for 37 Dollars a set instead of 160 dollars

You can pay them $0.80 an hour instead of $ 10

You can sell the same TV for $ 599 now and get a profit of 45%

6% Profit vs 45% Profit!!!

So the factory owner pays off his American workforce who cost him 10 bucks an hour and relocates to Taiwan and later when Taiwan becomes too expensive, to China and later to Vietnam or Mexico or India

Its Economics not Political

Using the Bare Infinitive

Here are the six rules for using a bare infinitive:

(1) after a modal verb

[Subj] + [modal verb] + [bare infinitive]

The most common use of a bare infinitive is after a modal verb like “can,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and “must.”

In these examples, the modal verbs are in bold, and the bare infinitives are highlighted:

• The barracuda [can] swim extremely fast.
• You [must] believe in yourself.
• Anne [could] give the presentation on Friday.

(2) after verbs of perception

[Subj] + [verb of perception] + [direct object] + [bare infinitive]

• I [saw] Janet win.
• They [watched] the moon descend every evening.
• We [will hear] you sing on Saturday.
• Jack [felt] the spider crawl over his hand.
• She [heard] the birds sing a beautiful melody
• I [observed] the students solve the complex equation
• She [sensed] the mood shift in the room.

(3) after the verb “help”

[Subj] + “help” + [bare infinitive]
or
[Subj] + “help” + [direct object] + [bare infinitive]

The verb “to help” is often followed by a bare infinitive. Sometimes, there is a direct object involved. In these examples, any direct objects are underlined, and the bare infinitives are highlighted:

• Simon helped catch the rabbit.
• Simon helped me catch the rabbit.
• She helps wash the dishes.
• She helps her mother wash the dishes.

(4) after the verb “make”

[Subj] + “make” + [direct object] + [bare infinitive]

The verb “to make” is often followed by a bare infinitive. With this sentence structure, “make” means “cause” or “force.” There is always a direct object involved. In these examples, any direct objects are underlined, and the bare infinitives are highlighted:

• Their story [made] me cry.
• The police always [make] the burglars apologize.
• She [will make] you pay for your mistakes.

(5) after the verb “let”

[Subj] + “let” + [direct object] + [bare infinitive]

The verb “to let” is often followed by a bare infinitive. With this sentence structure, “let” means “allow.” There is always a direct object involved. In these examples, any direct objects are underlined, and the bare infinitives are highlighted:

• They [let] Anne ride the ostrich.
• The judge [lets] the suspect speak.
• Tony [will let] you take a holiday.

(6) after “had better” and “would rather”

[Subj] +
“had better”
or
“would rather”
+ [bare infinitive]

Expressions like “had better” and “would rather,” which are used for a recommendation or preference, are also followed by a bare infinitive.

We had better leave soon.
(“Had better” is similar to “should,” which also takes a bare infinitive.)
She would rather talk to you tomorrow.
(“Would rather” is similar to “prefer,” which takes a full infinitive.)

https://www.scribbr.com/verbs/subjunctive-mood/

The subjunctive mood is a verb form used to refer to a hypothetical scenario or to express a wish, suggestion, or command.

The subjunctive is one of three grammatical moods in English, along with the indicative mood and the imperative mood.

There are two types of subjunctive verb forms:

– Verbs in the present subjunctive take the infinitive form (e.g., “be”).
ex: He saw [a person put bread] on the table.

– while verbs in the past subjunctive are identical to their simple past forms (e.g., “ran”).
ex: I wish [I had rich parents].

The present subjunctive

The present subjunctive is typically used to refer to future actions or situations. Sentences in the present subjunctive mood have two clauses:

A main clause that contains either an indicative verb (e.g., “Kahn recommended”) or a phrase that starts with “it is” and contains an adjective (e.g., “It is important”)

A subordinate clause in the subjunctive mood (usually beginning with the conjunction “that”)
Verbs in the present subjunctive do not follow subject-verb agreement. Instead, they take the infinitive form for all persons (e.g., “be,” “eat,” “sing”).

Examples:

• The doctor suggested that she rest.
• I propose that we take a short break.
• It is advisable that the CEO resign.
• It’s vital that we not miss our flight.
• The artist asks that you not touch the paintings.

The past subjunctive

The past subjunctive is typically used to refer to past or present actions or situations. Sentences in the past subjunctive mood contain two clauses:

A main clause in the indicative mood (often containing the verb “wish”)

A subordinate clause in the subjunctive mood (usually beginning with “that,” “if” or “as if”).

The past subjunctive form of the verb “be” is “were,” regardless of the subject (e.g., “I were,” “he were,” “she were”). All other verbs in the past subjunctive form are identical to their simple past tense forms (e.g., “I won”).

Examples:

• Karla acts as if she were famous.
• I wish I lived in New York.

When the past subjunctive form is used in an “if” clause, the main clause usually contains a modal verb (normally “would,” but sometimes “should,” “might,” or “could”).

quantifier phrase

Quantifiers: Words like “every,” “some,” “many,” “few,” “each,” etc., are quantifiers. They tell us about the amount or quantity of something.

“Every” modifies “month”: In the phrase “every month,” the quantifier “every” modifies the noun “month.” It specifies the quantity—every single month.

Function as a unit: This quantifier + noun combination acts together as a single unit to modify the verb in the sentence.

Think of it this way:

Quantifier phrase: every month, some days, many people, few cars

Adverbial function: These phrases often function as adverbs, telling us how often, how many, etc.

So, the “format” of “every month” is a quantifier phrase that functions adverbially.

Prepositional phrases have a core structure:

They must have a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun that acts as the object of the preposition. This creates a unit that modifies another part of the sentence.

Examples:  

on the table
with a smile
under the bridge  

“In fact” doesn’t follow this:

“Fact” is not the object of the preposition “in” in this case.

Instead, “in fact” functions as a single unit with an adverbial meaning. It’s similar to these adverbs:  

actually
truly
indeed

How it acts in a sentence: “In fact” modifies the whole sentence or the verb, adding emphasis.

It doesn’t describe a relationship between a noun and another part of the sentence like a prepositional phrase does.

In “in fact,” the word “in” has lost its usual prepositional role and become part of a fixed adverbial expression.  

Example: “In fact, the evidence supports a different conclusion.” (Here, it emphasizes the truth of the evidence)

Think of it like this: Some words that look like prepositions can function as different parts of speech depending on their context.