rear (adj) 后面的
rear (adj) 后面的 (n) 尾部

The rear of the car is big.
The rear of hotel is scary.
The rear of the house is black.
Good!

exhausting (adj) 令人精疲力竭的
That is a exhausting trip.
The first letter of {Exhausting} is a vowel so we use {an} instead of {a}.
That is an exhausting trip.

That is a exhausting sport.
The same problem mentioned above.
That is an exhausting sport.

That is a exhausting pet.
The same problem mentioned above.
That is an exhausting pet.

metres (n) 米
That thing is 10 metres.
The snack is 8 metres long.
The tower is 20 metres high.
Good!

destination (n) 目的地
The hotel is our destination.
The destination is fair.
We have no destination.
Use plural form here.
We have no destinations.

aware (adj) 知道
He make me aware what is pizza.
{He} is the third person singular, so add an -s at the end of the verb.
Also, pay attention to the phrase {make sb. aware of sth.}.
He makes me aware of what is pizza.

He make me aware 1+1 equal two.
The same problem mentioned above.
Also, express your sentence in English.
He makes me aware of that one plus one equals two.

They make everyone aware what is art.
Pay attention to the phrase {make sb. aware of sth.}
They make everyone aware of what is art.

treadmill (n) 跑步机
I have a treadmill.
A treadmill is big.
I hate to run on treadmill.
Good!

Original –

Introduction

Hook Jackie Robinson was a pioneer in baseball.

Bridge He broke baseball’s color barrier and was also a spark in dismantling segregation. He was also the first African American to break numerous baseball records and be indicted into Baseball Hall of Fame. His courage helped him break many barriers for African Americans. And he was lucky to have had support from wonderful teammates.

Thesis Thus, the main reasons for Jackie’s success was courage and his teammates’ support.

Jackie’s courage helped him succeed in becoming the first black man to play integrated baseball. For example, Branch Rickey was a successful player, sports director, and above all a businessman. He believed in equality and wanted to recruit a champion from a Negro League team that can be successful on the field but not be intimidated off the field. The author used the historic meeting between Rickey and Robinson to showcase that Robinson had to use courage to take on this important position. “Ricky Branch knew he chose the right man. He knew that Dad had both the self control and the courage to succeed. (p29)” Ricky Branch gave Jackie a hard interview where he role-played racist fans, jeering teammates, and unsupportive staff. Through his display of resolve and grit, Jackie had used his courage to overcome Branch’s interview. And through his personal history, he had proved that he could play with the best and not let environment get in the way. Hence, courage was the catalyst to Jackie’s success.

Teammates were also a part of Jackie’s success. Pee Wee Reese, Dodger’s captain, was the perfect example. During one game, “Some of the fans started yelling at Dodger captain Pee Wee Reese, telling him that, as a southerner, he shouldn’t be playing ball with a black man.” (p 41) But Pee Wee saw that Jackie was a great player, had family values, and was someone he respected. Teamwork and friendship mattered more to him than color. Then, “Reese put his hand on my father’s shoulder and started talking to him.” (p41) This gesture of camaraderie and support physically blared the message of unity and fellowship, rather than segregation and hate. So “as the two teammates stood talking, the fans got the message. They stopped heckling and settled down to watch the game. The author perfectly used Pee Wee Reese to describe how teammates helped Jackie through some of his most difficult times and were instrumental in his success.

Conclusion

ref – https://k12.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Commonsense_Composition/12%3A_Verbs_and_Sentence_Types/12.04%3A_Intransitive_and_Transitive

ref – https://chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm#:~:text=When%20a%20participle%20phrase%20concludes%20a%20main%20clause,pattern%3A%20Main%20Clause%20%2B%20%C3%98%20%2B%20Participle%20Phrase.

High School Athletics

When I was in school, a lot of the boys read comic books. One of the comic books is Slam Dunk. They were amazed at the storyline and wanted to be like the characters.

So they wanted to play basketball.
Similar to what they have read, they wanted to practice the moves.
So they went out onto the playground and played basketball.

Other kids watched their favorite athletes on TV, and wanted to mimic them. So they went out into the field and copied what their hero did on TV.

I was not an exception.

ref – https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/adjective_clauses.htm

An adjective clause is a multi-word adjective that includes a subject and a verb.

For example:

The painting (subj) we bought last week (adj) is (subj) a fake (obj).
When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before a noun to modify its meanings (e.g., tall building, smelly cat, argumentative assistant). However, an adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause. An adjective clause usually comes after the noun it modifies and is made up of several words, which, like all clauses, include a subject and a verb.

When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before a noun to modify its meanings

• tall building
• smelly cat
• argumentative assistant

However, an adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause.

An adjective clause usually comes after the noun it modifies and is made up of several words, which, like all clauses, include a subject and a verb.

The Components of an Adjective Clause

An adjective clause (also called a relative clause) will have the following three traits:

• Trait 1.
  It will start with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) or a relative adverb (when, where, or why).
  This links it to the noun it is modifying.
  Note: Quite often, the relative pronoun can be omitted. However, with an adjective clause, it is always possible to put one in.

  Note – A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a dependent (or relative) clause and connects it to an independent clause. A clause beginning with a relative pronoun is poised to answer questions such as Which one? How many? or What kind? Who, whom, what, which, and that are all relative pronouns.

• Trait 2. It will have a subject and a verb. So that it becomes a clause.
• Trait 3. It will tell us something about the noun.
  (This is why it is a kind of adjective.)

Quite often, the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. Look at the three traits in this example:

When the adjective clause starts with a relative adverb (when, where or why), the relative adverb cannot be omitted.

I don’t remember a time when words were not dangerous.
(You can often omit a relative pronoun, but you can’t omit a relative adverb. So, you can’t omit when in this example.)

An adjective clause set off from the main clause by commas (one comma if at the beginning or end of a sentence) is said to be nonrestrictive.

Here’s an example:

Old Professor Legree, who dresses like a teenager, is going through his second childhood.

This “who” clause is nonrestrictive because the information it contains doesn’t restrict or limit the noun it modifies, old Professor Legree. Instead, the clause provides added but not essential information, which is signaled by commas. A nonrestrictive adjective clause can be removed without affecting a sentence.

My brother, who claimed to have a limp, sprinted after the bus. √
(This clause is not required to identify My brother. It is added information, so we can add commas.)

My brother (who claimed to have a limp) sprinted after the bus. √
(As it’s just added information, you can put it in brackets.)

My brother sprinted after the bus. √
(You can even delete it.)

Restrictive Adjective Clauses

A restrictive adjective clause, on the other hand, is essential to a sentence and should not be set off by commas.
For example:

“An older person who dresses like a teenager is often an object of ridicule. ” √

Here, the adjective clause restricts or limits the meaning of the noun it modifies (an older person).

It should never be:

“An older person, who dresses like a teenager, is often an object of ridicule.” ( X )

as the meaning changes complete. It makes ‘An older person’ into a a singular identified person, which is not the case. We’re talking about ‘an older person’ in general so we should not use commas. Commas are used for optional usage.

(Question 2) What’s the difference between that and which?

Which and that are interchangeable, provided we’re talking about which without a comma.

When which starts a restrictive clause (i.e., a clause not offset with commas), you can replace it with that.

Mark’s dog that ate the chicken is looking guilty.

For many, even Brits, that sounds more natural with a restrictive clause. And, this is something we can use.

The “that substitution” trick also works with who, but be aware that some of your readers might not like that used for people.

The burglar who is suing the homeowner was booed in court.
The burglar that is suing the homeowner was booed in court.

(Substituting who for that is a good way to test whether an adjective clause needs commas or not, but some of your readers might not like ‘that’ being used for a person – even a burglar. So, if your clause starting who sounds okay with that, then revert to who without commas.)

ref –

• https://chineseruleof8.com/2024/01/02/noun-clauses/
• https://chineseruleof8.com/2024/02/21/adjective-clauses/
• https://chineseruleof8.com/2023/12/24/adverbial-clause/
• https://pediaa.com/difference-between-clause-and-sentence/

Clauses play different roles in a sentence.

A clause can act as a noun, adjective or an adverb.

• A noun clause acts as a noun;
• an adjective clause acts as an adjective
• and an adverbial clause acts as an adverb.

Noun Clause:

noun clause

We heard what you told them.

A man who betrayed his friends cannot be trusted.

Adjective Clause:

adjective clause

This clause appears behind the noun, and describes it.

The dress which you bought last year needs to be shortened.

I believed the lie she told me.

Adverbial Clause:

adverbial clause

He goes whenever he wants.

Our clause describes verb ‘goes’. So it takes place as an adverb.

I had to continue until I received news from them.

Our clause describes the verb ‘continue’. So it takes place as an adverb.

ref – https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/predicate.htm