Present Participle Adjective (add ‘ing’ to verb, used as an adjective)

May 2, 2023June 12, 2024Posted in EnglishAbc

ref –

https://test-english.com/explanation/b1/ed-ing-adjectives-adjectives-verbs/
https://myenglishgrammar.com/lessons/verb-ing-used-as-an-adjective

What is a Present Participle Adjective

An ‘-ing’ on a present participle of a verb that is used as an adjective. It describes the characteristics of a noun, usually indicates a state or a process that has been ongoing.

Examples:

Fascinating story (The story fascinates people.)
Boiling water (The water is boiling.)
Interesting book (The book interests the reader.)

Using ‘-ing’ Adjectives

When we use verbs in the ‘-ing’ form as adjectives, they are usually placed before the noun they modify in a sentence.

Though it may appear similar to the Continuous tenses (The Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous), the ‘-ing’ adjective does not indicate an action occurring at the time of speaking but an inherent characteristic of the noun it is modifying.

Examples:

The running water was cool and refreshing.
She gave me a puzzling look.
I bought an exciting new video game.

‘-ing’ form implying active influence by the subject

When used as an adjective, the ‘-ing’ form often implies an active influence. The subject is performing an action that influences the object. This contrasts with adjectives in the ‘-ed’ form, which imply that the subject is being influenced by an action.

Examples:

Exciting movie (subject):
The movie excites the audience.

Excited audience (subject):
The audience is excited by the movie.

boring movie:
bore + ‘ing’ = boring
This movie is boring.

frustrating homework:
frustrate + ‘ing’ = frustrating
Our homework is frustrating.

We’ll do amazing things:
amaze + ‘ing’ = amazing
The things we do will be amazing.

interesting person :
interest + ‘ing’ = interesting
That person is interesting.

tiring activity:
tire + ‘ing’ = tiring
The activity is tiring.

Other Examples

The approaching deadline hung over the heads of all the people in the office.

approach (verb) + ing = approaching

Here, approaching is an adjective that is used to describe the deadline.

The leaping flames from the burning building presented the firefighters with the responsibility of (preposition) protecting (prepositional object) other nearby buildings from the growing fire.

leap (verb) + ing = leaping
burn (verb) + ing = burning
grow (verb) + ing = growing

Here, leaping, burning, and growing are verbals used as adjectives to describe a
noun (flames, building, and fire respectively) in the sentence, thereby qualifying
them as present participles.

Although it ends in –ing, protecting is not a participle because it is acting as a noun in the sentence (object of the preposition), thereby qualifying it as a gerund.

Past (Perfect)

May 1, 2023April 9, 2024Posted in EnglishAbc

ref –

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzsdrz2QtcM&t=129s
https://www.espressoenglish.net/difference-between-present-perfect-and-past-perfect-in-english/
https://www.natterandramble.co.uk/past-perfect-tense-timeline-form-uses/

Past Perfect, shows that a past action that happened earlier than another past action. It’s a one time occurrence.

In other words, both actions happened in the past. One past action happened before another past action.

Subj + had + [past participle]

The past perfect, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used to talk about something that happened before something else that is also in the past.

Imagine waking up one morning and stepping outside to grab the newspaper. On your way back in, you notice a mysterious message scrawled across your front door: “Tootles was here.” When you’re telling this story to your friends later, how will you describe this moment? You might say something like:

I turned back to the house and saw that someone named Tootles (had) [defaced my] front door!

Your friends will able to understand that:

1) Tootles graffitied the door at some point in the past before
2) the moment this morning when you saw their handiwork

Past—Tootles graffitied your door—You saw his handiwork—Now

Consider the difference between these two sentences:

We were relieved that Tootles used washable paint.

We were relieved that Tootles had used washable paint.

It’s a subtle difference, but the first sentence doesn’t tie Tootles’s act of using washable paint to any particular moment in time; listeners might interpret it as “We were relieved that Tootles was in the habit of using washable paint.”

In the second sentence, the past perfect makes it clear that you’re talking about a specific instance of using washable paint.

Another time to use the past perfect is when you are expressing a condition and a result:

If I had woken up earlier this morning, I would have caught Tootles red-handed.
The past perfect is used in the part of the sentence that explains the condition (the if-clause).

ex:
* she arrived at the office
* she realized it was Sunday.

She had arrived at the office before she realized it was Sunday.

ex:
* I ran to my car
* I noticed my wife left.

I ran to my car when I noticed my wife had left already.

ex:
* Sofie finished her work.
* Sofie then went to lunch.

After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.

Other examples

What is difference between usage of [before] and [when]?

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/grammar/online-grammar/past-perfect-simple-with-time-expressions

when

We use when + past perfect to talk about an action that happened immediately before something else.

When we’d done the washing-up, we watched TV.

(We did the washing-up, and then we watched TV.)

we can use when + past simple to talk about an action that happened after something else.

When I phoned the office, Emma had already left.

(Emma left the office, and then I phoned.)

before

We can use before with past simple OR past perfect to talk about an action that happened before something else.

We arrived just [before] the plane doors closed.
We [arrived] before the plane doors had closed.

Past (Simple)

May 1, 2023December 7, 2023Posted in EnglishAbc

ref –

https://www.natterandramble.co.uk/past-simple-timeline-form-uses/
https://chineseruleof8.com/2023/05/01/irregular-verbs/

Simple Past – things that already happened. Is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now

We use the simple past to show actions completed in the past, with no extra emphasis.

For regular verbs, you form the simple past tense by adding the suffix –ed to the end of the verb (or just –d if the past tense verb already ends in an e).

Be careful of irregular verbs, however. These don’t follow the normal rules and use their own unique forms for the past tense. For example, the past tense of the irregular verb go is went.

Regular verbs: I pick[ed] up the glass, but it dropp[ed] from my hand.

Irregular verbs: This morning I [went] to the store, but I [forgot] the milk.

Examples:

I helped my neighbor yesterday.

I played football Yesterday.

She woke (irregular) up early in the morning.

You didn’t write a letter last week.

They went (irregular) to the office early.

Did (irregular) you sing the song on stage?

We ate (irregular) pizza in the bakery shop.

My father lived in California.