ref – https://pediaa.com/what-are-demonstrative-adjectives/

Demonstrative adjectives are used to modify a noun so that we can know which specific person, object or place is mentioned in a sentence.

There are four main demonstrative adjectives in English. They are

• this
• these
• that
• those

This (singular) – close by

This is used with singular nouns.

This can be used to indicate a specific person or object that is close by.
This can also refer to a specific thing just mentioned.

This book (noun) is very interesting.

Can you believe this story (noun)?

These (plural of this) – close by

These is the plural form of this.

It is used to point out something that is close by. It can be also used in introductions.

• These books are not mine.
• These are my friends: Martha, Jane and Viola.

That (singular) – far away

That is used to indicate a specific person or object that is further away. That is also used with singular nouns.

• Can you see that book over there?
• Look at that head. It is so round and big.

Those (plural) form of ‘that’

Those is the plural form of that; it is used to point out something farther away.

Those houses are very small.
Those are not chocolates! They are dog poo poo!

Examples

Please give me this ball pen to write something.
He wants those skating shoes for practice.
She accepts her fault at that moment.
We are not going to tolerate this kind of behavior again.
Your father wants you to become a hero like those heroes.
These flowers smell adorable.
That incident was unforgettable for me.
I don’t want to sleep with these people.
I’m so grateful for all that you’ve done.
This place is better than that one.
My dream came true by visiting this place.
That house was looking good in appearance.
Please forgive me for that incident.
I am accepting that I was wrong at that moment.
This pen has a beautiful writing experience.
Why were you following that person last night?
This dress looks so pretty on you.
This room is not hygienic for our health.
She made some delicious cookies for these poor children.
The peace that this hut is providing to us is always better than that house.