1. Present Participle as an Adverb of Manner (How?)
She ran out of the room, screaming.
(How did she run? → while screaming)

He drove down the highway, listening to music.
(How did he drive? → while listening to music)

The dog barked loudly, wagging its tail.
(How did it bark? → while wagging its tail)

2. Present Participle as an Adverb of Time (When?)
Finishing his homework, he went to bed.
(When did he go to bed? → after finishing his homework)

Opening the door, she saw a surprise party.
(When did she see the party? → upon opening the door)

Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
(When did she cry? → immediately after hearing)

3. Present Participle as an Adverb of Cause/Reason (Why?)
Feeling tired, he decided to take a nap.
(Why did he nap? → because he felt tired)

Knowing the answer, she raised her hand.
(Why did she raise her hand? → because she knew)

Being late, they hurried to the train.
(Why did they hurry? → because they were late)

4. Present Participle as an Adverb of Condition (Under what circumstances?)
Working hard, you can achieve anything.
(Under what condition? → if you work hard)

Practicing daily, you’ll improve quickly.
(When will you improve? → if you practice daily)