Using verb+’ed’ as tense vs adjective

The dog(s) covered(v) me(obj) with mud. (Tense)
[The dog covered in mud](s) played(v) with me(obj). (Adj)

Surprise + ed
Amazed
1. Past tense: She(s) surprised(v) me with a gift.
2. adjective: [The surprised dog] (s) ran(v) away.
3. Adjective 作为主语补语:
Subj – linking verb – subj compl (noun/adj):
I(s) am (linking verb “is”) happy (主语补语 adj).
I(s) am (linking verb “is”) surprised (主语补语 adj).

Amaze/amazed
fascinate/fascinated
surprise(v)/surprised
interest(v)/interested
encourage(v)/encouraged