Sentence Structure (v2)

Posted in EnglishAbc, RickyABC

ref – https://7esl.com/adverb-placement/

  1. Action verbs (Transitive)

    Subject – Verb (action 行为/transitive 及物 动词) – Direct Object （直接宾语）

    及物动词下一个位子能接受一个宾语。。这个叫直接宾语

    Subject （主语）- who or what performs the action
    transitive verb （及物动词） – the action
    direct object (直接宾语) – whoever or whatever receives that action

    • Ricky plays volleyball.
      Subject （主语） – Ricky
      transitive verb （及物动词） – plays (we add ‘s’ because subj is 3rd singular)
      Object (直接宾语) – volleyball
    • He rides a bike.
      Subject （主语） – He
      transitive verb （及物动词） – rides (present tense: ride + ‘s’ because subj is 3rd singular)
      Object (直接宾语) – a bike
    • They fly a kite.
      Subject （主语） – They
      transitive verb （及物动词） – fly
      Object (直接宾语) – a kite

  2. Action verbs (intransitive)

    Subject (主语) – Verb (action 行为/intransitive 不及物 动词) – Preposition (介词) – Prepositional Obj (宾语)

    The rabbit laughed me. X

    You cannot laugh something, you need to use preposition (at).

    The rabbit laughed [at] me. √

    (主语) – The rabbit
    verb (不及物 动词) – laughed
    preposition (介词) – at
    object (宾语) – me

    The turtle lives forest. (X 不对)
    A turtle lives [in] a forest. √

    Subject (主语) – The turtle
    Verb (不及物 动词) – lives
    preposition (介词) – in
    Object (宾语) – a forest

    更多的例子

    • The birds fly in the sky.
      Subject (主语) – The birds
      Verb (不及物 动词) – fly
      preposition (介词) – in
      Object (宾语) – the sky

    • The girl sits [on] the couch.

      Subject (主语) – The girl
      Verb (不及物 动词) – sits
      preposition (介词) – on
      Object (宾语) – the couch

    • Tom jumps box. (X 不对)
      Tom jumps [onto] the box. √

      • 加个副词在宾语后面：
      Tom jumps [onto] the box (excitedly).
      加个副词在动词后面：

    • Tom jumps (excitedly) [onto] the box.
    • The book is on the table. (The table is the prepositional object)
    • The dog ran around the corner. (The corner is the prepositional object)
    • We head towards the airport. (The airport is the prepositional object)
    • The car sits in the garage. (The garage is the prepositional object)
    • The teacher wrote on the blackboard. (The blackboard is the prepositional object)
    • The kids play in the backyard. (The backyard is the prepositional object)

  3. Linking Verb (is)

    Subject (主语) + linking verb (“is/am/are/was/were/will be”) (链接动词”识别”) + Subject Complement (noun or adjective) (主语补语)

    Ricky is a teacher.
    Subject – Ricky, linking verb – is, sub complement (noun) – teacher

    You are a monster!
    subject – You, linking verb – are, sub complement (noun) – a monster

    I am pretty.
    subject – I, linking verb – am, sub complement (adj) – pretty

    She was a boy.
    subject – She, linking verb – was, sub complement (noun) – a boy

    She will be a doctor.
    subject – She, linking verb – will be, sub complement (noun) – a doctor

    You are terrible!
    subject – You, linking verb – are, sub complement (adj) – terrible

  4. Linking verbs – sense

    Subject(主语) +
    linking verb (‘sense’ – look/see/feel/smell/sound/taste) (链接动词”感觉/五官”) +
    subj complement (noun/adjective) (主语补语)

    linking verb
    subject complement (noun or adjective)

    • The family hears a burglar.
    • My dog smells trouble.
    • I see a waterfall.
    • Water tastes great.
    • My neighbor’s cat looks aggressive.

  5. Adverbs

    End position

    Subject (主语) + verb (action 行为动词) + (optional可用/可不用: object 宾语) + adverbs (副词)

    Mid position

    Subject (主语) + adverbs (副词) + verb (action 行为动词) + (optional可用/可不用: object 宾语)

    I played terribly
    subj – I, verb – played, adverb – terribly

    with object:
    I played the piano [terribly].

    He sang beautifully.
    subj – He, verb – sang, adverb – beautifully

    with object:
    He sang the song [beautifully].

    She stood motionlessly.
    subj – She, verb – stood, adverb – motionlessly

    with object:
    She stood outside [motionlessly].

    She undressed quickly.
    subj – She, verb – undressed, adverb – quickly

    with object:
    She [quickly] undressed in the bathroom.

    I performed remarkably.
    subj – I verb – stay adv – remarkably

    with object:
    I performed the routine [remarkably].

    The girl shouted excitedly.
    subj – The girl verb – shouted adverb – excitedly

    with object:
    The girl shouted at the animals [excitedly].

  6. Infinitive as Objects

    Purpose: express wishes, plans, intentions, or needs

    Subject (主语) + [is, am, are, like, love, want, hope, prefer, wish, hope, desire, need, plan, hate, ask, seem, refuse, try] + (to verb)

    My purpose is [to dominate].
    subj – My purpose, verb – is, object – to dominate

    I desire [to win] her heart.
    subj – I, verb – desire, object – to win, object complement – her heart

    I prefer [to be] the boss.
    subj – I, verb – prefer, object – to be, object complement – the boxx

    I want [to play] that game.

    subj – I, verb – want, object – to play, object complement – that game

    She wants [to eat] my dinner.

    subj – She, verb – want, object – to eat, object complement – my dinner

    I hope [to win] the race.

    subj – I, verb – hope, object – to win, object complement – the race

    The elders need [to rest].

    subj – elders, verb – need, object – to rest

  7. Infinitive as Adjective

    Subject + [am/is/are/was/were/have/has/get/find/found/buy/borrow/rent] + (object) + [to verb]

    I am the person (obj) [to ask].
    subject – I, verb – am, obj – the person,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘person’. ) – to ask

    She is the girl (obj) [to marry].
    subject – She, verb – is, obj – girl,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘girl’. ) – to marry

    English 101 is the class (obj) [to take].
    subject – English 101, verb – is, obj – class,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘class’. ) – to take

    He has a joke (obj) [to tell].
    subject – He, verb – has, obj – joke,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘joke’. ) – to tell

    We have a job (obj) [to do].

    subject – We, verb – have, obj – a job,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘job’. ) – to do

    I have a wedding (obj) [to attend].

    subject – I, verb – have, obj – a wedding,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘wedding’) – to attend

    That is the team(obj) [to beat].
    subject – That, verb – is, obj – team,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘team’) – to beat

    Let’s get some food (obj) [to eat].
    subject – Let’s, verb – get, obj – some food,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘food’. ) – to eat

    Let’s rent a movie (obj) [to watch].
    subject – Let’s, verb – rent, obj – a movie,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘movie’. ) – to watch

    Let’s borrow a book (obj) [to read].
    subject – Let’s, verb – get, obj – a book,
    infinitive (acting as adjective to describe ‘book’. ) – to read

  8. Infinitive as Adverb (‘in order’ test)

    Subject + (action verb) + object + [to verb]

    Do the ‘in order’ test.

    I (earn) money [to live].

    test: I earn money ‘in order’ [to live]. √

    I (bought) a book [to read].

    test: I bought a book ‘in order’ [to read]. √

    I (ordered) a burger [to eat].

    test: I ordered a burger ‘in order’ to eat. √

  9. Infinitive as Object Complement

    The teacher encouraged the students to think critically.
    We consider him to be the best candidate for the job.
    The court ordered the company to pay a fine.
    I want you to be happy.
    She persuaded him to change his mind.
    The doctor advised the patient to rest for a week.

  10. Preposition and Prepositional Object

    at – location
    I cook at(prep) home(pre obj).
    I eat at(prep) home(pre obj).
    Let’s meet at(prep) Manners(pre obj).

    at – direction
    I look at(prep) you(prep obj).
    I smile at(prep) Sara(prep obj).
    The flashlight shines at(prep) us(prep obj).

    at – time
    I will meet you at(prep) midnight(prep obj).
    Let’s meet up at(prep) Terry’s(prep obj).
    Rebecca will meet us at(prep) 8pm sharp(prep obj).

    with
    I speak [with] anger.
    I play [with] Rover.
    I watch [with] awe.

    in – expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be

    I ponder [in] silence.
    I stare [in] awe.
    They rejoice [in] victory.

    in – inside a space

    I live [in] a cave.
    Let’s look [in] the box.
    The birds fly [in] the sky.

    in – time

    We visit [in] the summer.
    I’ll see you [in] five days.
    Let’s start [in] a few moments.

    in – expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be

    I ponder [in] silence.
    I stare [in] awe.
    They rejoice [in] victory.

    on – indicate a time frame during which something takes place

    My birthday is [on] August sixth.
    The meeting is [on] the tenth.
    The parade is [on] Sunday.

    on – surface

    I jump [on] the table.
    My pet sits [on] the ground.
    The plane lands [on] the tarmac.

  11. Adverbial Phrase

    prerequisite:

    • infinitive/infinitive phrase
    • preposition/prepositional phrase

    Subject (主语) + verb (action 行为动词) + (optional可用/可不用: object 宾语) + adverbs phrase(副词短语)

    adverbial phrase = a group of words (2 or more) that functions as an adverb

    I played basketball [in the morning].
    subj – I, verb – played, adverb phrase for When? – in the morning

    He sings everyday [at two o’clock].
    subj – He, verb – sings, adverb phrase for When? – at two o’clock

    We throw trash [in the garbage bin].
    subj – We, verb – throw, adverb phrase for Where? – garbage gin

    You put the dirty dishes [in the washing machine].
    subj – She, verb – put, adverb phrase for Where? – in the washing machine

    They fought like lions.
    subj – They verb – fought adverb phrase for How? – like lions

    The elders spoke with quiet voices.
    subj – The elders verb – shouted adverb for How? – with quiet voices

    The pirates went to Krabi to find gold.
    subj – The pirates verb – went adverb for Why? – to find gold

    The pirates went to Krabi to find gold.
    subj – The pirates verb – went adverb for Why? – to find gold

    My parents scour for food to feed their children.
    subj – My parents verb – scour adverb for Why? – to feed

    If your adverbial is in the front, use a comma.
    If not, don’t use commas.

    [At four o’clock], open the gates. √
    Open the gates [at four o’clock]. √

  12. Adverbial Clause

    prerequisite:

    • infinitive/infinitive phrase
    • preposition/prepositional phrase

    Subject (主语) + verb (动词) + (optional可用/可不用: object 宾语) + (subordinating conjunction 从属连词) + adverbs clause(主语 + 动词)

    A winner practices until they feel tired.
    subj – A winner verb – practices adverb clause – until they (s) feel (v) tired

    I became an adult when my wife gave birth.
    subj – I verb – became adverb clause – when my wife (s) gave (v) birth

    I’m an english teacher because I grew up in America.
    subj – I’m verb – an adverb clause – because I(s) grew up (v) in America

    I will work until I become rich.
    subj – I verb – will work adverb clause – until I(s) become (v) rich

    I’ll come after I finish breakfast.
    subj – I’ll verb – come adverb clause – after I (s) finish (v) breakfast

    I studied before I ate dinner.
    subj – I verb – studied adverb clause – before I (s) ate (v) dinner

    I will keep trying even if we’re behind.
    subj – I verb – will keep trying adverb clause – even If we(s) (v)are behind

    You push the button if anyone moves.
    subj – You verb – push adverb clause – if anyone(s) moves(v)

    I will pay provided that you give me a discount.
    subj – I verb – will pay adverb clause – provided that you (s) give(v) me a discount

    I study hard so that I will have a good life.
    subj – I verb -study adverb clause – so that I (s) will have(v) me a good life

  13. Subject + helping verb + main verb + object

    helping verb
    main verb

    Present Perfect – Subj + [have/has] + Past Participle

    I have eaten squid.
    The turtle has eaten bugs since he was little.
    My friend has bought a new car.
    I have lived in LA for most of my life.

    Present Continuous – Subj + [am/is/are/was/were] + [verb + ing]

    I am playing video games.
    Ricky is correcting homework.
    My mom is cooking dinner.
    We are fixing the car.